out caps Cantharelloid fungus – fruiting body with shallow fold-like gills running over most of the lower surface of the fruiting body and not much differentiation between the stalk and cap. Gasteromycete or "gastroid fungus" – fruiting body has a ball-like sh

ape and in which the hymenophore has become entirely enclosed on the inside of the fruiting body. False truffle – like a gasteromycete, however, but with a hypogeous (underground) fruiting body. Secotioi

d fungus – like a gasteromycete, but with a stalk. Thought to be an evolutionarily intermediate stage between a gasteromycete and an agaric. Agaric or gill fungi – fruiting body with caps, gills, and (us

ually) a stalk. Bolete – fleshy fruiting body with a cap, a stalk, and tubes on the underside. Basic divisions of Agaricomycotina were formerly based entirely upon the growth form of the mushroom. Molecular phylogenetic investigation (as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi. For example, agarics have arisen independently in the Agaricales, the Boletales, the Russulales, and other groups, while secotioid fungi and false truffles have arisen indepen